1. Electric Current
1.1 Electric Current
- Flow of electric charge: electrons
- Types of electric current: direct current (DC), alternating current (AC)
- Units of electric current: ampere (A)
1.2 Electric Circuit
- Path through which electric current flows
- Components of an electric circuit: conductor, insulator, switch
- Types of electric circuits: series circuit, parallel circuit
1.3 Resistance
- Opposition to the flow of electric current
- Factors affecting resistance: length, cross-sectional area, material
- Units of resistance: ohm (Ω)
1.4 Ohm's Law
- Relationship between voltage, current, and resistance
- Formula: V = IR
2. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
2.1 Magnetic Field
- Region around a magnet or current-carrying conductor where magnetic forces can be detected
- Types of magnetic fields: permanent magnets, electromagnets
2.2 Magnetic Field Lines
- Imaginary lines that emerge from the north pole and enter the south pole
- Properties of magnetic field lines: they do not intersect, they are continuous
2.3 Electromagnet
- A coil of wire wrapped around a core of magnetic material
- Properties of electromagnets: they can be turned on and off, they can be made stronger or weaker
2.4 Electric Motor
- A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
- Principle of working: interaction between magnetic field and current-carrying conductor
2.5 Electromagnetic Induction
- Phenomenon of production of induced emf in a coil due to change in magnetic flux
- Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction
