1. Our Environment
1.1 Components of Environment
- Living components: biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms)
- Non-living components: abiotic factors (air, water, soil, sunlight)
1.2 Ecosystem
- A community of living organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms) interacting with each other and their physical environment
- Types of ecosystems: terrestrial, aquatic, desert
1.3 Biodiversity
- Variety of living organisms in an ecosystem
- Types of biodiversity: species diversity, ecosystem diversity, genetic diversity
1.4 Environmental Problems
- Pollution: air, water, soil
- Deforestation: loss of forests, habitat destruction
- Climate change: global warming, greenhouse effect
2. Management of Natural Resources
2.1 Conservation of Natural Resources
- Importance of conservation: sustainable development, environmental protection
- Methods of conservation: reduce, reuse, recycle, afforestation
2.2 Water Management
- Importance of water: drinking, agriculture, industry
- Methods of water management: rainwater harvesting, watershed management, water conservation
2.3 Mineral Management
- Importance of minerals: industrial development, economic growth
- Methods of mineral management: sustainable mining practices, recycling, conservation
2.4 Forest and Wildlife Management
- Importance of forests: biodiversity, climate regulation, livelihoods
- Methods of forest management: sustainable forestry practices, afforestation, reforestation
- Importance of wildlife: biodiversity, ecosystem balance, tourism
- Methods of wildlife management: conservation, habitat protection, sustainable hunting practices
2.5 Energy Management
- Importance of energy: industrial development, economic growth
- Methods of energy management: renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydro), energy efficiency, conservation
